Hashing - Asymmetric Encryption for Data and Message Integrity

Hashing: Asymmetric Encryption for Data and Message Integrity

SHA-3

SHA-3 is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) family of standards, released by NIST in 2015.

The source code has been made public and even though it is the next iteration of the SHA family, it is quite different from the MD5-like structure of its predecessors SHA-1 and SHA-2. It was developed to try and significantly improve the robustness of NIST's current overall hash algorithm toolkit.

HAVAL is a hashing algorithm with a variable length output message digest.

It combines a variable length output with a variable number of rounds of operations on 1024-bit input blocks. The output message digest may be 128, 160, 192, 224, or 256 bits, and the number of rounds may vary from three to five. That gives 15 possible combinations of operations. HAVAL's claim to fame is it can operate 60 percent faster than MD5 when only three rounds are used and is just as fast as MD5 when it does five rounds of operation.

The original algorithm (RIPEMD-128) has the same vulnerabilities as MD4 and MD5 and led to the improved RIPEMD-160 version.

The output for RIPEMD-160 is 160 bits, and it operates similarly to MD5 on 512-bit blocks It does twice the processing of SHA1, performing five paired rounds of 16 steps each for 160 operations. As with any other hashing algorithm, the benefit of increasing the size of the message digest output is to provide better protection against collisions, where two different messages produce the same message digest value.